Intango:Ico kintu ni igice nyamukuru c’umugozi w’urutsinga, bitanga infashanyo n’ugushikama ku mibumbe yose. Ishobora gukorwa mu nsinga canke mu cuma, bivanye n’ivyo bisabwa. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma biraremereye kandi birahinduka, mu gihe ivyuma vy’ivyuma bitanga inkomezi n’ubukomezi bwinshi.
Amazina:Izo nsinga ni imirongo y’umuntu ku giti ciwe igoramye ikikuje umugozi. Bikorwa mu vyuma vy’agaciro kanini - kandi bitunganijwe mu bice, igice kimwekimwe cose kikaba gifise umubare utandukanye w’intsinga. Umubare w’intsinga n’indinganizo yayo ni vyo bigena inkomezi z’umugozi muri rusangi, uguhinduranya n’uburemere.
Intambamyi:Ivyiyumviro vy’umugozi w’intsinga birimwo intsinga zibiri canke zirenga zitunganijwe kandi zigoramye mu ntunganyo yihariye. Imirongo y’umuntu ku giti ciwe iraheza ishirwa mu gishushanyo c’umurongo w’umurongo w’umugozi.Imirongo ikozwe mu nsinga z’umurongo munini cane zirashobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka, mu gihe imirongo ikozwe mu nsinga z’umurongozi mutoyi zishobora guhinduka.
Iterambere:Guhindura amavuta ku mugozi w’urutsinga kugira ngo bigabanye ugushikana n’ugusambuka mu gihe co gukoresha. Irafasha gukingira umugozi ngo ntiyigere kandi igatuma ubuzima bwayo bumara igihe kirekire. Amavuta ashobora kuba amavuta- ashingiye canke amazi- bishingiye ku bisabwa vyihariye vy’ikoreshwa.
Ivyagezwe:Ivyo bikoresho vyo gukoresha ni vyo bifatanye ku mpera y’umugozi w’urutsinga, bikoreshwa mu kugihuza n’ibindi bihimba canke imashini. Ivyo bikoresho bishobora kuba ibipfukisho vy’amaso, ibipfukisho, ibipfukisho, canke ubundi bwoko bw’ibifatanya, bivanye n’ingene umuntu ayakoresha.
Intsinga- Ubwoko bw’urutsinga rwo gufatanya (intsinga y’imbere), irimwo umubare munini w’ubwoko bukoreshwa cane atari mu guhingura gusa ariko no mu buzima bwa misi yose. Umugozi w’ivyuma ku ntumbero rusangi ukozwe mu cuma gitoya gifise umurongo wa 0,2-8,0 mm. Guhingura bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bujanye n’ugusubiramwo ubukonje. Intsinga z’ubuhinga bw’ivyo bikoresho zikoreshwa mu guhingura ivyuma n’imisumari.
Ivyuma vy'intsinga vy'umugozi- Ico gikoresho kizunguruka gifise umurongo w’iminota 2,8, cari gifise ibipande vy’umugozi umwe vyatowe mu buryo budasanzwe, bishirwako umugozi w’icuma cm 40 buri 40 cm utangwa mu binogo, uburemere ntibukwiye kurenga kg 35. Ushire umugozi mu kwubaka intambamyi zitandukanye n’intambamyi. Kenshi, ukoreshe umugozi w’icuma ca carbone.
Intsinga z'icuma zikozwe mu cuma kitagira ibara canke icuma gisanzwe. Igipfukisho c’icuma co gusudira gikozwe n’umurongo w’uburebure bwa 0,5-6,0 mm, ivyo bikaba bishikirizwa mu mitsinga ipima ibiro birenga 80. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma bikoreshwa cane cane nk’uburyo bwo gusudira, butanga ubuhinga bwo gusudira butekanye kandi busukuye.
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma bikoreshwa cane mu guhingura ibintu vy’abaguzi.Impeshi y’icuma ikoreshwa mu guhingura amasoko azunguruka mu gikonje. Ico gikoresho c’ivyuma gikoreshwa mu gukora imigozi itandukanye, ivyo bikaba bikozwe mu nkoni yihariye, ivyo na vyo bikaba bigaragaza imiterere y’ibintu bitagira amabara. Ifatwa kandi ko ari ubwoko bw’ivyuma bikundwa cane kugira ngo bikomeze ibintu vya beton.
01
Ubwubatsi bw'umuzingi
Umugozi w’umuyaga uramenyekana n’ubwubatsi bwawo, canke umubare w’imirongo ku mugozi, n’umubare w’intsinga ziri muri buri murongo. Nk’akarorero, iyo nyubakwa 6x25 yerekana umugozi w’imirongo 6, umugozi wose ukaba ufise intsinga 25. Ubwubatsi bufise uburemere busa n’ubwo n’inkomezi zimenagura bushirwa mu migwi y’imirongo y’imirongo, nk’amashure 6x19 na 6x37.
02
Indwara y'umuriro
Ijambo ry’umuco ryerekeza ku mugozi w’urutsinga ukozwe ata n’umwe akingira canke ngo aheze atari amavuta. Hariho porogarama zisaba ko umuntu akingira ibintu vyinshi kuruta amavuta ashobora gutanga. Muri ivyo bihe, haratangwa iherezo ry’ibintu.
03
Ivyigwa vy'inkengera
Ivyuma vy’imbere (IPS) birakomeye, bikomeye, bikomeye bihuza inkomezi nyinshi n’ugushobora guhangana n’urushe. Inkomezi zayo z’uburemere buke zirahinduka kuva kuri 223 gushika kuri 258 ksi, bivanye n’umurongo w’umurongo. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’imbere (EIP) bifise inkomezi zikomeye cane zihinduka kuva kuri 245 gushika kuri 284 ksi, bivanye n’umurongo w’umurongo. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’i EEEIP) vy’inyongera, ni icuma gikoreshwa aho bisabwa inkomezi nyinshi zo guca. Iryo shure ritanga inkomezi zo guca ibice 10% kuruta (EIP) kandi riboneka ahanini nk’inota ry’umurongo w’intsinga ry’umwihariko kandi kenshi riboneka ku migozi y’intsinga isanzwe iyo ubisavye.
Urusenga rw’umuyaga ruri mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwo kwubaka. Iboneka mu bice bitandukanye bitandukanye, imiterere, ubunini, n’inkomezi – ni vyiza ku mugambi w’ubwubatsi uwo ari wo wose. Nk’uko izina ribivuga, urupapuro rw’urusenga rw’urutsinga rurakorwa mu gusudira intsinga z’uburebure butandukanye n’uburebure mu gishushanyo c’umurongo w’ivyuma. Ivyuma bitagira umunyu ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikundwa cane bikoreshwa mu guhingura urusenga rw’urutsinga kuko rushobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka n’umugese.
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu kwubaka kuko gifasha kwongerera ubushobozi aho hantu, biroroshe gushiramwo, bigabanya ibiciro, kandi bitanga umwanya wo gutera imbere ningoga. Naho ushobora gukoresha urusenga rw’intsinga ku bintu vyinshi, ibikorwa vyayo vy’intango ni ugusuzuma, gukikuza no gutunganya.
Gusubira inyuma
Igipande c’urusenga rw’urutsinga gishobora gufasha kwongerera inkomezi zose z’imiterere ya beton nk’inkingi, igipande canke inzira y’amabuye y’agaciro. Nta buryo bwo kwirinda imisatsi mu buryo bwa beton, ariko urupapuro rw’urusenga rw’urutsinga rurashobora gutuma ivyo bikoresho biguma hamwe uko biba. Bizokora nk’umurongo uremereye - kandi ufashe gukomeza ubutungane bw’imiterere ya beton yawe. Naho benshi mu bahinga bakiriko barakoresha ivyuma vy’ivyuma kugira ngo bifashe mu gusuka beton, urusenga rwo gusudirwa rutanga ubundi buryo bushoboka, bumara igihe kirekire, kandi bworoshe gushiramwo kuruta imirongo y’icuma ikomeye.
Umuti w'Ivyiyumviro w'Ivyiyumviro Nk'Ibabare .
Ubundi buryo ushobora gukoresha urusenga rw’intsinga mu kibanza c’ubwubatsi ni ugucungera uruzitiro rw’urubuga. Hakurikijwe aho inyubakwa ikoresheje ubuhinga bwo kwubaka intsinga nk’ibarabara ry’ibarabara birashobora gufasha abakozi bose kuguma batekanye no kubuza abantu kugendagenda mu kibanza c’ubwubatsi. Bifasha abanyagihugu kuguma aho hantu kandi bizokufasha no kwirinda ingorane, ibikomere canke impanuka z’ubwubatsi. Ni umuti mwiza wo gukingira, kubera ko ushobora guhindura ibintu no kugumya.
Ushobora kandi gukoresha urupapuro rw’urusenga rw’urutsinga nk’amabarabara y’ibikoresho biremerera - ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kwubaka. Muri ubwo buryo, urashobora kumenya neza ko ibikoresho vyawe vyose bizimvye bidatekanye n’ukwonona.
Ishobora gukora Nk'Igikoresho co Gukomeza Uruhome
Hari imigambi isaba kwubaka uruhome rw’igihe gito. Kubera ubutunzi bwabo, abakozi benshi bakoresha amakete y’urutsinga kugira ngo bubake inkuta z’intsinga zipfutse maze bazikoreshe nk’inkuta zo kugumya. Abakozi ntibakeneye gukoresha ubuhinga canke kugura ibikoresho bizimvye kugira ngo bashireho kuko inkuta z’urutsinga zishobora gushirwaho bitagoranye no gukurwaho igihe uruhome rutagikenewe.
Ishobora Kandi Ikoreshwa Nk'Umuti w'Ububiko
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma birashobora kandi kugufasha gukora inyishu zo kubika ibikoresho vy’ubwubatsi. Ushobora gukoresha urusenga rw’intsinga nk’umugabane igihe ubika ibikoresho vy’inyubako vy’ingenzi. Abakozi benshi b’ubwubatsi barakunda gukora amasandugu y’ububiko bw’urusenga kugira ngo bagume bafise ibikoresho vyabo vyo kwikingira nk’inkofero z’ubwubatsi, amaganzu, n’ibikoresho vy’umutekano. Bituma kandi abakozi bashobora kubona aho babika ibikoresho n’ibikoresho kuko amashuka y’urusenga vyoroshe kubona.
Waba ukora mu bijanye n’itumanaho, gukoresha umuyagankuba canke iyindi nganda, gukoresha umurongo ukwiye ni ikintu gihambaye cane. Akazi kawe gafise ivyo ukeneye bidasanzwe, kandi ibikoresho vyawe birakeneye kubihura kugira ngo bihe umutekano n’ubushobozi bwo gukora neza.
Igihe uhitamwo umugozi ubereye wo gukoresha, woshobora kwiyumvira ivyuma vy’agaciro be n’ivyuma vy’agaciro. Kumenya ivyiza n’ibibi vy’ubwoko bumwe bumwe birashobora kugufasha gufata ingingo uzi neza.
Ni igiki Wire y’i Galvan?
Kugira ngo ukore umugozi w’ivyuma, uwubikora ategerezwa gushiramwo umugozi biciye mu nzira y’ugushaza. Ica mbere, uwuhingura akora iyo nsinga y’icuma ku rugero rwavuzwe n’uburemere. Hanyuma, bategerezwa kuyisukura mu bwogero bw’aside kugira ngo ikureho oxides zo ku ruhande. Amaze gusukura no kwumisha iyo nsinga, uwuyikora arayisuka mu bwogero bwa zinc ipfutse, ikayipfuka neza mu gice c’icuma. Umuhinguzi ni we agenzura uburebure bw’iyo zinc. Urutonde rw’amazi rwo mu mazi rukonjesha umugozi n’ivyo bipfutse.
Igipfukisho ca zinc c’amagare kiratanga inyungu zimwe zimwe zidasanzwe.
Gukingira ibintu vyose:Mbega umugozi w’ivyuma vy’agaciro? Umugozi wa Galvaned urashobora cane guhangana n’umugese kubera igipfukisho c’izinga gikingira ubukonje buva ku cuma kiri musi.
Uguhangana kw’amatariki:Igipfukisho c’impuzu c’imbere kirakomeye kandi kirakomeye, kigakingira umugozi ngo ntiwuce, ukagaca n’ugukata.
Ubushobozi bw'umuriro:Ico gikoresho co gupfuka ivyuma citwa zinc ni kinini cane, bikaba bituma umugozi ushobora guhangana n’umuriro.
Ibikoresho vy'Ivyiyumviro vya Galvaned
Ivyuma vy’icuma vy’amagare biragwiriye mu nganda no mu bikorwa. Igipfukisho ca zinc gituma umugozi w’ivyuma ugira akamaro mu bihe vyinshi aho utose canke ingorane z’umuriro zituma ubundi bwoko bw’umugozi butakoreshwa. Aha niho hari bikeyi mu bikoresho vy’imbere vy’urutsinga rw’ivyuma.
Fenter:Uburemere bw’urutsinga n’ubushobozi bwo kwonona ni vyiza cane ku bwoko bwose bw’ibibombe. Urutsinga rwa Galvated na rwo nyene rurakomeye, rugumye hejuru y’umuvuduko munini. Ushobora gusanga uruzitiro rw’intsinga ry’agaciro aho hose, kuva ku nzira y’uburimyi gushika ku nzira ya Hexanet ikoreshwa mu kwubaka inyubakwa.
Binding:Ubucuruzi kenshi bukoresha umugozi w’ivyuma kugira ngo bubohe canke buzibire ibikoresho vyo kwubaka no gusubira gukoresha ibintu mu gikoresho kimwe. Mu bikorwa vy’ubwubatsi, iyo nsinga ituma vyoroha ko imigwi y’ubwubatsi ikora n’ibikoresho biri ku kibanza c’akazi. Amashirahamwe menshi akoresha umugozi w’ivyuma kugira ngo abohe ibindi bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none n’ibikoresho vya mbere.
Inyama n'ibinyabiziga:Amashirahamwe y’ubwubatsi arakeneye ibikoresho bikomeye ku ntambwe yose y’igikorwa co kwubaka. Inkomezi z’izo nsinga zituma zigira akamaro kanini mu gutanga inyubakwa n’amazu ashigikira inyubakwa. Igipfukisho c’icuma c’i Galvated kiratuma haba imisumari ikomeye, amasoko, ama stals n’ibindi bintu vy’imibumbe bishobora guhangana n’ingorane nyinshi.
Ibintu vy'abaguzi:Abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bwa none barabonye ikoreshwa cane ku nsinga y’ibintu vy’agaciro mu bikorwa vy’abaguzi. Kuva ku bikoresho vy’ibibindi gushika ku gushigikira ibishushanyo n’ivyirore, umugozi w’agaciro uratanga inkomezi.
Ushobora kubona uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo gupima inkomezi zo guca umugozi w’urutsinga. Inkomezi zitoyi cane zica zivuga umuzigo mutoyi cane uzokwegeranya igice c’umugozi w’urutsinga. Inkomezi z’amagare zivuga inkomezi z’ugumenagura hamwe z’intsinga zose ziri mu mugozi umwe igihe umuhinguzi ayagerageza umwe wese.
Abenshi mu bacuruzi basobanura ko hariho ukunanirwa gukomera mu buryo butandukanye n’uko abakoresha bashobora. Iyo abagurisha bakoresheje ibipimo vy’ubushobozi bw’umugozi, babona ko ingorane ntoyi ari ukunanirwa, gutyo rero bazotanga umugozi ku gaciro ako ari ko kose basanze ari bo bateye ikibazo. Ku kibanza c’akazi, abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga boshobora kutabona ko ingorane ntoyi ari iyo kunanirwa.
Ivyo bivuzwe, ntugerageze amahirwe yawe kandi ntushireko umugozi wawe. Abagurisha ibintu bikomeye barakunda kwiyubara kubera imvo. Utegerezwa kwama uguma mu rugero rw’umuzigo w’akazi. Biroroshe guharura ubushobozi bw’umugozi w’urutsinga, rero ntuzokwigera uba ata mabwirizwa.
Kugira ngo ubaze umugozi wo gukora (WLL), ugabanye inkomezi z’ugukomera n’umurongo w’uguhingura (mu bisanzwe 5, ariko wamenye injeniyeri guhingura ikoreshwa ry’umugozi w’urutsinga).
Umubare uronka ni umuzigo wo gukora cane ushobora gukoresha ata ngorane ufise canke urushe n’ivyuma. Ico kigereranyo akenshi kigaragazwa mu matoni magufi y’imigenzo, n’imiburiburi n’abahinga bakora muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Uzobona kenshi muri ubu buryo:
Inkomezi z'iherezo ry'iherezo / 5=WLL (Gukora Umuzigo w'Umuzigo)
Guhanahana amakuru
Naho umugozi w’intsinga umenyekana kubera inkomezi zawo nyinshi, ntushaka gukomeza gushiramwo igice kiri hafi y’ubushobozi. Nk’itegeko rusangi, ntukwiye kurenga urugero rw’umuzigo w’akazi (WLL). Ivyo bizoheza bikabimbara naho woba utariko urarenga n’umwe mu bazimiye. Igishushanyo c'inkomezi z'umugozi gisanzwe gishobora kugufasha kuguma ufise ijisho ry'inkomezi z'umugozi iyo usanze ivyo ari ikibazo:
Imigozi yose y’ubunini bumwe, urugero n’urufatiro rutanga ibiranga inguvu n’uburemere busa n’urwo ku kirenge, naho nyene bitandukanye bivanye n’ubwoko bw’ubwubatsi n’ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe. Ivyo bituma umurongozi w’umugozi w’intsinga ugira akamaro naho woba uzi gusa umurongo w’umugozi w’indege uriko urakorana.
Guhitamwo Urubuga rw'Ivyiyumviro Rwinshi ku rubuga rwawe
Umugozi w’umuyaga ni igikoresho gikomeye. Ni bake bahagarara kugira ngo bazirikane ingene igice cose c’umugozi c’urutsinga ari imashini kuri bo nyene. Ibuka kwiyumvira ingene ukeneye umugozi wawe mushasha kandi uzirikane nimba uzoshikirwa n’ibintu bikomeye canke bitegerezwa guhangana n’ibintu. Uzohezagirwa n’ubushakashatsi bwawe n’igice c’umugozi gikora cane nk’uko wewe ukora.
Tiannjin Huauan Times Metal Products Co., Ltd ishinzwe mu 2008 ni umuhinga mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukora ubushakashatsi, mu gutegura, mu gukora, mu kugurisha no mu gukora ubwoko bw’ibikoresho vy’intsinga. Iryo hinguriro ni rimwe mu mashami cumi n’atatu y’ishirahamwe ry’abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bwa none ryitwa Tianjin Huauan. Tiannjin iri i Jinghai, ifise uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu ku bijanye n’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu kuri Xingang, Tianjin Port, Shi Jiazhuang na Beijing, Tianjin Huauan Times Me., Lt ni umutungo w’isoko ryose ry’icuma mu Buraruko bw’Ubushinwa.
Turi umugozi w’icuma ku bahinga b’ubwubatsi n’abaguzi bo mu Bushinwa, ni yihariye mu gutanga ubuhinga bwo gukora neza. Turabahaye ikaze n’igishika cinshi kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru- irangi ry’icuma kugira ngo wubakwe mu bubiko hano kuva mw’ihinguriro ryacu. Twandikire ku citegererezo c’ubuntu.
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